Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other forms of dementia involve progressive cognitive decline, memory loss, and behavioral and psychological symptoms (BPSD) such as agitation, anxiety, and aggression. Underlying processes include amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaque accumulation, tau hyperphosphorylation, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress. Limited disease-modifying treatments have increased interest in non-intoxicating hemp-derived cannabinoids like cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabigerol (CBG). These compounds interact with the endocannabinoid system and other pathways, offering potential neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and symptom-relieving effects. https://www.mdpi.com

This post reviews some of the scientific evidence on CBD and CBG for Alzheimer’s and dementia-related conditions, and discusses formulation differences (particularly nano-emulsified versus regular hemp extracts held under the tongue).Evidence remains preliminary; these are not FDA-approved treatments for dementia or Alzheimer’s. Always consult a healthcare provider before use, especially in older adults.

Mechanisms: How CBD and CBG May Support Brain Health

CBD and CBG target multiple pathways relevant to neurodegenerative diseases:

– Neuroprotection and Anti-Inflammatory Action: A 2025 systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical AD models showed that CBD significantly reduced neuroinflammation markers, including glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) (p < 0.0001), IL-6, and iNOS, with variable effects on TNF-α and IL-1β. These changes could help reduce reactive gliosis and neuronal damage.  https://www.mdpi.com

– Amyloid and Tau Pathology: Preclinical studies suggest CBD may reduce Aβ-induced toxicity, modulate plaque formation or clearance, and influence tau phosphorylation. In cell and animal models, CBD has counteracted Aβ cytotoxicity and supported cognitive function.

– Antioxidant Effects: Both CBD and CBG exhibit antioxidant properties that may protect against oxidative stress, a key contributor to neurodegeneration.

CBG has shown neuroprotective potential in models of cerebral ischemia and inflammation, which can contribute to vascular dementia.

Evidence for Symptom Management: Agitation, Anxiety, and Behavioral Symptoms

BPSD significantly affects quality of life for patients and caregivers. Clinical studies have explored cannabinoids primarily for these symptoms:

– A 2022 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial found that a broad-spectrum cannabis oil rich in CBD (30% CBD, 1% THC; administered sublingually) significantly reduced agitation compared to placebo in patients with dementia-related behavioral disturbances over 16 weeks.https://www.frontiersin.org

– The phase 2a CANBiS-AD trial (2024), a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, evaluated oral CBD (up to 600 mg/day) in Alzheimer’s patients with BPSD. It showed numerical improvements in Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) scores for agitation, anxiety, apathy, and caregiver distress, though larger trials are needed for confirmation.https://www.cambridge.org/ 

– An open-label trial of a high-CBD/low-THC sublingual solution over 8 weeks reported reductions in anxiety and agitation in mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s or MCI patients, with some cognitive improvements noted.https://www.ajgponline.org.

– Ongoing trials include NCT05822362 (effects of CBD on AD biomarkers in at-risk individuals) and NCT04436081 (THC-free CBD oil for agitation in Alzheimer’s). 

– A 2025 randomized trial of low-dose balanced THC-CBD extract also suggested potential benefits for symptoms in AD-related dementia. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/

A 2025 meta-analysis indicated borderline significant benefits for behavioral symptoms and agitation with CBD (p=0.05), with generally mild adverse events. Preclinical data further support CBD improving age-related cognitive decline via reduced brain inflammation. https://doi.org/

Clinical evidence focuses more on symptom relief than disease modification and is limited by small samples and short durations.

CBG Research: Studies on Neurodegenerative Models

Research on CBG for dementia and Alzheimer’s is at an earlier stage than for CBD, with most data from preclinical models. Direct studies include:

– In a 2025 mouse study of transient global cerebral ischemia (a model relevant to vascular contributions to dementia), CBG (1–10 mg/kg) attenuated memory impairments, reduced hippocampal neuronal loss and neuroinflammation, and supported markers of neuroplasticity. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/

– In a rat model of Alzheimer’s disease induced by intracerebroventricular administration of amyloid-beta 42, both CBD and CBG were investigated for effects on cognitive deficits. CBG treatment improved learning and memory performance in behavioral tests, reduced neuroinflammatory cytokines (such as TNF-α and IL-1β), and decreased Aβ plaque expression in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. https://www.researchgate.net/

Additional cell-based studies suggest minor cannabinoids including CBG can block Aβ accumulation, promote its degradation, and prevent oxidative cell death (oxytosis). Human data specific to dementia remain limited, though acute CBG (20 mg) has shown reductions in anxiety and improvements in verbal memory recall in healthy adults.https://doi.org/, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/

Combinations of CBD, CBG, and other minor cannabinoids may offer synergistic (“entourage”) effects by addressing multiple AD hallmarks, such as inflammation and protein aggregation.

Nano-Emulsified vs. Regular Hemp Extract (Sublingual/Oil Under the Tongue)

Most hemp extracts for cannabinoids are lipid-based oils intended for sublingual use—held under the tongue for 30–60 seconds to promote mucosal absorption, which partially bypasses first-pass liver metabolism. Standard sublingual oils typically achieve moderate bioavailability, with effects onset in 15–45 minutes and duration of several hours. Absorption depends on holding time, individual factors, and the oil base.Nano-emulsified formulations reduce cannabinoid particles to nanoscale (<100–200 nm) using emulsifiers, creating micelles or liposomes that enhance water dispersibility and mucosal penetration. When compared for sublingual or oral-mucosal delivery:

– Bioavailability and Absorption: Nano versions often demonstrate significantly higher and faster absorption. Pharmacokinetic studies show nano-emulsions or self-nanoemulsifying systems can increase peak concentration (Cmax) and overall exposure (AUC) by 2–3 times or more compared to standard oil drops, with shorter time to peak (Tmax). This leads to more efficient delivery even via the sublingual route.
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

– Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) Penetration: Both regular and nanoemulsified CBD and CBG are highly lipophilic and cross the BBB primarily through passive diffusion. However, nanoemulsified formulations typically result in greater brain delivery because higher systemic blood levels mean more molecules are available to reach and cross the BBB. Preclinical studies have shown that CBD nanoemulsions can achieve substantially higher brain exposure; for example, one study reported a 3.7-fold increase in brain AUC (area under the curve) with a nanoemulsion compared to another nanoparticle formulation, with rapid brain uptake observed within minutes.
Similar principles apply to CBG, though direct nano-CBG brain delivery data are more limited.

https://www.sciencedirect.com

– Onset and Predictability: Nano formulations may provide quicker onset and more consistent effects, which could be particularly beneficial for managing acute symptoms such as agitation or anxiety in dementia patients.

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

– Dosing Efficiency: Higher absorption could allow lower nominal doses to achieve similar effects, which may be advantageous for elderly users to minimize load or side effects.

Standard sublingual oils retain the full plant matrix (terpenes, minor cannabinoids) that may support the entourage effect observed in preclinical neuroprotection studies. Nano products can be formulated from isolates or full/broad-spectrum extracts, but processing may slightly alter some minor compounds. Long-term safety data for nano versions in dementia populations are still limited.

For sublingual use in neurodegenerative conditions, nano-emulsified CBD and CBG could offer improved reliability, faster onset, and potentially greater brain exposure compared to regular hemp oils. At the same time, traditional oils emphasize natural synergy. Clinical trials rarely detail exact formulation pharmacokinetics, so individual response, product quality (third-party tested for potency and purity), and medical guidance matter most.

Safety, Considerations, and Limitations

Reviewed trials generally report good tolerability with mild side effects (e.g., dizziness, sedation). Potential drug interactions exist via liver enzymes (CYP450), relevant for polypharmacy in older adults. THC-containing products may introduce additional psychoactivity risks.

Limitations include small sample sizes, variable dosing/formulations, short study durations, and a stronger focus on symptoms than on core pathology or biomarkers. Larger, longer-term randomized controlled trials with standardized preparations are needed.

Future Directions and Conclusion

Ongoing research, including biomarker-driven trials (e.g., NCT05822362) and studies on agitation, will help clarify optimal dosing, formulations, and potential disease-modifying roles. CBD and CBG combinations or multi-cannabinoid extracts may provide broader benefits. Advances in delivery systems, such as nano-emulsification for sublingual use, could enhance therapeutic consistency.

While preclinical and early clinical data are encouraging—particularly for managing agitation, anxiety, and neuroinflammation—CBD and CBG should be considered investigational supportive options alongside standard care, not replacements or cures. Prioritize high-quality, tested products and medical supervision.

*This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice.*

 References (All Cited Studies)

– de Morais Cury et al. (2025). A randomized clinical trial of low-dose cannabis extract in Alzheimer’s disease. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/

– Velayudhan et al. (2024). Cannabidiol for behavior symptoms in Alzheimer’s disease (CANBiS-AD): a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. https://www.cambridge.org/ 

– Hermush et al. (2022). Effects of rich cannabidiol oil on behavioral disturbances in patients with dementia: A placebo controlled randomized clinical trial.https://www.frontiersin.org

– Wu et al. (2025). Therapeutic Potential for Cannabidiol on Alzheimer’s Disease-Related Neuroinflammation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. https://www.mdpi.com.

– Kohara et al. (2025). Cannabigerol Attenuates Memory Impairments, Neuronal Loss, and Neuroinflammation in a Mouse Model of Transient Global Cerebral Ischemia. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/

– Ahmad et al. (study on CBD and CBG in amyloid-beta 42 rat model of Alzheimer’s). Effects on cognitive deficit.https://www.researchgate.net/

– Ozonsi et al. (2024). Caring for Behavioral Symptoms of Dementia (open-label high-CBD/low-THC sublingual).https://www.ajgponline.org.

– ElSohly et al. (2023) and related PK studies on nano-emulsified vs. oil cannabinoid bioavailability https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

– Coles, M., et al. (2022). Therapeutic properties of multi-cannabinoid treatment strategies for Alzheimer’s disease. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 16, 962922. https://doi.org/

-Evaluation of cannabidiol nanoparticles and nanoemulsion biodistribution in the central nervous system after intrathecal administration for the treatment of pain https://www.sciencedirect.com/

– Wu, S., et al. (2025). Therapeutic Potential for Cannabidiol on Alzheimer’s Disease-Related Neuroinflammation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 26(24), 11963. https://doi.org/

– Landucci, E., et al. (2022). Cannabidiol inhibits microglia activation and mitigates neuronal injury in a model of seizure.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/

Hermush et al. (2025) — Enhancing cannabinoid bioavailability: a crossover study comparing a novel self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system and a commercial oil-based formulation..

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Nakano et al. (2019) — Development of a Novel Nano­emulsion Formulation to Improve Intestinal Absorption of Cannabidiol

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

– ClinicalTrials.gov entries: NCT05822362, NCT04436081, NCT04075435.

The post Can CBD and CBG Help with Dementia and Alzheimer’s? Latest Studies and What You Need to Know appeared first on Your CBD Store / Ripon Naturals.

In this article, we’re going to take a look at veterinary cannabidiol, how to use it, and what to look for when you’re shopping for CBD for pets.

What is CBD?

If you’re new to the world of CBD but are interested in its potential benefits for your pet, you’re in the right place! CBD is the abbreviated term for cannabidiol, which is a phytocannabinoid found in the hemp and marijuana plant. It works with the endocannabinoid system (more on that below) to regulate all the processes in the body.

CBD is not the same as THC, which is another phytocannabinoid found in the marijuana plant. THC does create a psychoactive effect and produces a “high” feeling, but CBD does not. It is important to note that while several studies exist that study CBD and its uses, it is not regulated by the FDA, so be wary of any sources that claim that it can treat, cure, or prevent any health condition.

The Animal Endocannabinoid System

Humans have an endocannabinoid system (ECS) that oversees the body’s ability to regulate functions such as nervous responses, pain, immune function, and even dermatological issues. This system is charged with returning your system to homeostasis after injury, trauma, and illness.

When a disruption is detected, the ECS releases compounds called cannabinoids into the bloodstream to bind with CB1 and CB2 receptors. Phytocannabinoids that come from plants like hemp work in much the same way as the body’s cannabinoids.

Animals also have an endocannabinoid system. Very few studies have been conducted that evaluate how it works with phytocannabinoids. Still, a recent study published by Colorado State University found that 89% of dogs that were treated with CBD had a reduction in seizures. Another study by Cornell University reported that 80% of dogs using CBD showed signs of reduced pain from osteoarthritis.

These studies both evaluated small samples, but the results paved the way for more extensive, more intense studies to be conducted.

Can My Veterinarian Prescribe CBD for Animals?

With so many CBD pet products on the market, it’s natural to wonder why your vet isn’t talking about it. Even though the 2018 Farm Bill legalized industrial hemp and loosened some of the previous laws regarding CBD, the pet-vet relationship is clouded in some mystery. If asked about it, may veterinarians are likely to remain close-lipped on the issue and for good reason.

There is one exception, however. In 2018, a statewide bill was passed that allows California veterinarians to discuss CBD for pets, but they are prohibited from recommending it or prescribing it. Even in states where marijuana is legal, the laws aren’t too clear on whether or not your veterinarian can discuss it when asked.

Penalties for vets recommending CBD can range from disciplinary action to having their license suspended or revoked. Until the laws are more set in stone on veterinary cannabidiol, it’s up to pet owners to thoroughly research the topic on their own.

Is CBD Safe for Dogs and Cats?

When it comes to the safety aspect of CBD for dogs and cats, we recommend looking at several factors when making a purchasing decision.

THC-free products

Use only broad-spectrum CBD pet products. While CBD is generally considered safe for pets, THC has poisoned and even killed animals. Until further juried research can be done to test safe doses for pets, avoid THC and use a broad-spectrum product instead of a full-spectrum one.

Dosage

The FDA has not established a recommended dosage for pets, nor has it established toxic levels of CBD for pets. The AKC recommends starting with very small amounts and monitoring your pet closely as/if you increase the amount over time.

The Benefits CBD Pet Tinctures

CBD pet tinctures have been found to reach higher concentrations in the bloodstream and absorb more quickly than chews and treats. They can come flavored or unflavored, giving the owner options for dosing it directly on the tongue or mixing with food. Be very careful with a glass dropper if you’re administering CBD in your pet’s mouth.

The Benefits of CBD Edibles for Pets

While the oil or tincture version may be ideal in regard to absorption, chews and edible forms stay in the system longer. Some pets may dislike oil placed straight in their mouth or added to their food. Dogs and cats also love treats, which could make it easier for both of you.  

Don’t Price Shop

When it comes to finding the best CBD for pets, there are a lot of ways to compare the products, but one should not be the price. The cheaper products out there may not even be CBD, or contain harmful toxins. Here’s what to look for:

• Certificate of analysis: this certificate is a lab test that evaluates the concentration of cannabinoids and terpenes, but also tests for toxic mold, fertilizers, solvents, pesticides, heavy metals, and fungi. Many counterfeit products are on the market, or they don’t have any sort of testing to prove quality and safety. And finally, if the company itself does the lab testing, you can’t verify the accuracy or oversight—always look for third-party testing.
• Organic and natural ingredients: dogs and cats can react poorly to artificial flavoring and other ingredients, so look for organic and natural ingredients. Be wary of essential oils added to tinctures, as some of these can be toxic to pets.
• Organically grown hemp from the United States: while the end product may not be USDA certified organic, it can be made from organically grown hemp. Check out this article to learn more about what this means: https://riponnaturals.com/cbd-research-articles/usda-certified-organic-cbd-what-does-it-mean/
• Do not use human edibles: to add to the last item on this list, there are some ingredients in human foods that can kill a pet, such as erythritol, a natural sweetener. Many products meant for humans contain this and other ingredients not meant for pets, so be sure to stick to pet-only CBD products.
• Avoid hempseed oil: while hempseed oil is safe and nutritious for dogs and cats, it does not contain any cannabinoids and won’t produce the same therapeutic benefits that CBD may have. Make sure that you see CBD or hemp extract in the CoA and not hemp seeds.
• Flavor: it seems like some pets will eat just about anything, but when it comes to their treats, they can be a bit pickier. You may find that one flavor doesn’t have the same excitement for your pet as another, so experiment until you find what they like.

Possible Side Effects of CBD in Animals

CBD is largely well-tolerated in pets, but some side effects can come with the territory. Start with a small dose, and if they tolerate it well, you can increase the amount after a few weeks if needed.

Here are some of the most common side effects that may occur:

• Lack of energy or sleepiness
• Dry mouth and higher water consumption
• Eating more than usual
• Lower blood pressure and lightheadedness
• If your dog is currently taking any prescription medications, CBD could interfere with the way your body metabolizes them.

Even though CBD is considered “natural” by many, that doesn’t mean it comes without side effects or that it can’t potentially harm your pet. If your pet shows any signs of illness or distress, call your vet right away.

Final Thoughts

CBD for cats and dogs is still a relatively new field of study, but with more scientists piloting research in the world of CBD for pets, we’re excited to see what further information emerges. We could see even more products hit the market, and possibly more regulations and oversight as it pertains to dosages and conditions CBD can treat.

Ready to try CBD cat treats, dog chews, and tinctures? We’ve got the full lineup of CBD pet products, all of which are broad-spectrum, third-party lab tested, and made from organically grown hemp from Colorado. Shop our products today!

The post CBD Products for Pets: Should You Try Them? appeared first on Your CBD Store / Ripon Naturals.

What Are CBD Edibles?

Two of the most popular types of edible CBD are gummies and candies. They can be sweet, sour, or even have a more natural, earthy flavor. Check out the online marketplace, and you’ll find dozens and dozens of different shapes, sizes, and doses. When it comes to CBD-infused edibles, there is truly something for everybody!

Why Buy CBD gummies?

With so many types of CBD products available, why buy CBD gummies? The answer is going to boil down to personal preferences, but here are some more scientific and tangible reasons you might opt for edibles over tinctures or vaping:

• Sublingual drops and vaped products enter the body quickly, where edibles can take 30-120 minutes to take effect, depending on your digestive system.
• CBD derived from edibles stays in the system longer than drops or vape do. As the edible travels through your digestive system, it releases more CBD along the way.
• The dose of CBD in a gummy or candy is premeasured, unlike oils or vapes.

While you’re likely already familiar with CBD oils and tinctures, CBD edibles are another way for users to enjoy the potential benefits of cannabidiol. Edibles can come in so many forms, including gummies, candies, pills, drinks, food items, and even beer.

That aside, some do prefer edibles because they typically have a lower dose than tinctures. While some more “seasoned” CBD users turn to edibles, others prefer to start their CBD journey with edibles because of the slow, long-lasting effect.

Others turn to edibles simply because they prefer the taste. They may even purchase a CBD tincture and make their own candies and gummies, whether it’s because they love the DIY aspect or have a preference for a specific flavor. We recommend that if you do opt for the DIY method that you purchase a high-level CBD product—this is far more cost-effective because you can get a higher “dose” per candy than you can with a lower-level product, and make many more candies.

Careful with Drinks

We’ve found a variety of drinks online that contain CBD and can see why this is an appealing option for some. However, be very careful when drinking CBD-infused beer or cocktails. The effects of the CBD can magnify those from alcohol.

In addition to that, whether the drink contains alcohol or none, the oils don’t mix well with water-based fluids. Much of the oil will stick to the container, which means you may not be left with much CBD in the drink you’re consuming.

How Edible CBD Products are Prepared

This is the million-dollar question because it plays a large part in the quality and potential efficacy of the product. CBD is not currently regulated by the FDA, which means consumers need to be savvy about what to look for when buying edible CBD products.

Unfortunately, some companies don’t perform third-party lab testing to verify the quality of the ingredients or the level of CBD in the product. This testing is not required, but when investing in CBD, that peace of mind protects your wallet as well as your health. Before you purchase any CBD product, you should always know the concentration of CBD, as well as have confirmation that it is free of pesticides, mold, fungi, and other toxins.

After you have read the lab reports, now you’ll want to investigate a bit further. What ingredients are on the label? Are there a lot of artificial flavors, colors, and chemicals? The best CBD edibles do not contain flavors or coloring, so if you see those listed in the ingredients, you may want to keep looking.

The cannabis plant is a known accumulator, which means it absorbs harmful toxins and heavy metals from the earth while it’s growing. These toxins can end up in the final product (check those lab reports!). For this reason, look for products made with organically grown hemp that is grown in the United States.

Next, how were the gummies or candies prepared? Some manufacturers cut corners and costs by preparing gummies and then spraying or dusting on CBD isolate before packaging. CBD isolate is created by extracting the CBD from the cannabis plant, and stripping away other cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids, leaving only the CBD crystals. This also precludes the possibility of the entourage effect.

You will want to ensure that the product is infused with CBD rather than sprayed or sprinkled with isolate. If you can’t find the answer to this on the packaging or website, don’t hesitate to reach out to the company to ask. They are happy to provide this information.

How to Store CBD Edibles

How you store your CBD edibles can ensure that they last long and do not break down. For example, if you buy CBD gummies online, try to avoid doing so during the hottest months of the year, as temperatures above 88°F can melt them. And if you carry your bottle in a purse or backpack, be sure not to leave it in a hot car. The last thing you want is for them to melt!

But should you refrigerate CBD hard candy and gummies? Refrigeration is not required, but a fridge is ideal because the temperature is constant, and it provides a dark environment (light can break down CBD). If you purchase edibles that aren’t enclosed in an amber jar such as cookies, wrap your products in foil to protect them from light degradation. And if you have little ones, the fridge may not be the ideal place to store your gummies.

We do recommend that if you have children that you keep your edibles stored in the same way you would for prescription medications. Most containers will be childproof, but that still comes with risks, so err on the side of abundant caution and store them out of sight and where they can’t easily be found.

Also, avoid storing it in places that experience temperature fluctuations, which can be just as harmful as warm temperatures.

When do CBD Candy and Gummies Expire?

With any cannabis product, we recommend checking the date it was manufactured to ensure that it hasn’t been stored for too long before purchase. Most products should also have an expiration date printed on the packaging.

When you bring your edibles home, it might help to write the date of purchase on the packaging so you can keep track of how old it is. If the CBD candy or gummy products you’ve purchased changes color, develops an odor or tastes odd, throw it away.

Edible CBD Products Will Not Get You High

CBD is sought after for its reported calming effects, but it will not produce the high effect that THC does. THC works with the body’s endocannabinoid system (ECS) and binds to the receptors that are associated with the ECS, and overwhelms them, which causes a psychoactive feeling or high.

CBD interacts indirectly with these receptors but doesn’t have any psychoactive effects. Some users might report feeling calmer or find going to sleep easier. But even at very high doses, edible CBD products will not make the user feel high. That said, the side effects of CBD edibles can vary from person to person. Before you operate heavy machinery or drive, be sure you know how cannabidiol might affect your body.

Are CBD gummies legal to have?

Because CBD is derived from the cannabis plant, we’re often asked if it’s legal to have. While most states have legalized CBD products, we highly recommend that you check your state and local laws. And use extra precautions if you’re traveling, especially if you’re vacationing in another country.

Final Thoughts on Edible CBD

No matter your reasons for turning to edible CBD products, they’re a tasty, convenient way to get your cannabidiol, and they’re long-lasting, too! Before you pick a product or brand, learn more about the ingredients, third-party lab testing, product shelf life, and reviews so you can invest with peace of mind. You may try a few different products before you find the one you fall in love with!

At Ripon Naturals, we offer a fantastic selection of CBD candies and gummies. Check out our full- and broad-spectrum formulas that come in a variety of great-tasting flavors today!

The post How Do CBD Edibles Work? appeared first on Your CBD Store / Ripon Naturals.

What is CBD?

CBD is short for cannabidiol, which is a phytocannabinoid found in the cannabis plant. It interacts with your body’s endocannabinoid system (ECS), similar to the way your body’s natural cannabinoids do to achieve homeostasis. While cannabinoids have been used for hundreds of years all over the world, only in recent years has the scientific community begun to research its potential benefits more in-depth.

Since the 2018 Farm Bill passed, CBD shops have opened all over the United States. Additionally, pharmacies and other stores have started to stock their shelves CBD products. You can find these products in a number of forms, including topical creams and lotions, tinctures and oils, gummies, and vape oils, to name a few.

Types of CBD

Three of the most common forms of CBD you’ll see on the market include broad-spectrum, full-spectrum, and isolates. You might also see CBD products labeled as hemp extract, hemp supplement, or hemp oil. Be aware that any time you see a product labeled as hemp seed oil, this is not CBD, and does not contain any of the cannabinoids that CBD does. That said, some CBD tinctures do use hemp seed oil as a carrier oil.

Full-Spectrum CBD

Full-spectrum CBD, like its broad-spectrum counterpart, contains all the cannabinoids in the hemp plant, but can have up to 0.3% THC content. And like broad-spectrum products, it includes terpenes, cannabinoids, flavonoids, and other compounds. Full-spectrum products do not contain enough THC to produce a “high,” but they do deliver the entourage effect.

Broad-Spectrum CBD

Broad-spectrum CBD contains all the cannabinoids in the hemp or marijuana plant, but has less than 0.3% THC in it. Any industrial hemp plants that contain more than 0.3% THC must be destroyed. When broad-spectrum CBD is produced, any THC that might be in the plant is removed before production progresses. It is essential to recognize that even though there is no detectable THC in these products, there is a chance that cannabis could show up in a drug test.

CBD Isolate

CBD isolate is a third type of product you’ll likely see on the market. The CBD is extracted from the hemp plant, but is stripped of all terpenes, flavonoids, and other cannabinoids. All that is left is pure CBD in a crystallized form. These isolate crystals can be added to liquids such as MCT oil, and it will not produce the entourage effect.

Hemp Seed Products

In your search for CBD oil, you’ve likely come across hempseed oil. While hemp seed oil is full of healthy fatty acids and other nutrients, it does not contain any cannabinoids or terpenes. It’s sold on Amazon, for example, for cooking, skincare, and other uses. If you are looking for CBD, this type of product does not contain any.

Is CBD Legal?

While the 2018 Farm Bill legalized industrial hemp as a commodity to transport across state lines, CBD is not legal in all 50 states. For example, some states have only legalized it with a prescription. Before you buy CBD online, be sure to check with your state’s laws.

What is Third-Party Testing?

One of the biggest concerns regarding CBD has been its safety. Having a certificate of analysis (COA) from a lab that is accredited by the International Standards Organization (ISO) ensures the quality of the product. Recently, CBD companies have come under fire for selling products that don’t have the amount of CBD claimed on the bottle, and may even contain harmful toxins. The FDA does not regulate CBD, so having this third-party testing and a COA ensures quality and accuracy.

While many manufacturers opt for third-party testing, other companies do not. Consumers should have peace of mind that the product has been tested for mold, toxins, pesticides, fertilizers, fungi, and heavy metals, which can cause serious illnesses.

We reached out to Michael Richmond, Co-Founder and President of Green Scientific Labs, to ask more about how to read labels for accuracy, and what red flags to be on the lookout for. He says, “I would look for a FULL PANEL lab report. A report that only shows potency might help to verify label claim. However, it does not ensure the product is free of other impurities such as pesticides or microbials.”

This illustrates well why buyers should understand the importance of the other ingredients and their potency. For example, when investing in a product that has a high level of CBD (1000mg or even 3000mg per bottle), lab certification verifies the exact amounts of cannabinoids and terpenes that are on the label.

Before you start shopping for CBD, especially if you’re going to a brick-and-mortar shop, take a look at its COA online. E-commerce CBD shops should display these lab tests on their website. Richmond also adds that taking the extra step of verifying that the lab is ISO 17025 Accredited means that it complies with international standards for testing, and holds the laboratory and its processes to a high standard of competence.  

FDA Regulation of CBD

Before COVID-19 hit, the FDA was in the process of establishing standards for regulating CBD, but that was been pushed off for the foreseeable future. Without FDA regulation, the standards of quality can vary from company to company, which is one reason to check out the CoA, as well as the company behind the CoA.

Green Scientific Labs has put considerable resources into ensuring the quality and standards of testing until the FDA establishes its own guidelines. Richmond explains, “We have spent a considerable amount of time and money researching the rules and regulations on a state by state basis. Our clients include over 1,200 hemp/CBD brands in the United States. I anticipate the FDA moving towards standardization of testing that would mirror what GSL is already doing.”

Where to Buy CBD

In addition to checking the COAs, you should always buy CBD directly from the source. The biggest reason for that is that counterfeit versions of brand-name CBD products can be found on Groupon, Amazon, eBay, and other online marketplaces.

Although you’re likely to find highly sought-after brand names on these sites, you have no way of verifying if they are indeed directly from the source, and if the product is what it claims to be. This can be risky because you can’t confirm if it’s even CBD to begin with, or that it’s been tested for toxic ingredients or held to other quality standards.

Researching CBD companies from farm to shelf can be daunting and time-consuming, but without regulation, some companies can take advantage of consumers. When it comes to your health and your investment, this extra time can be well worth it.

Chief Parts of a CBD Label

So what are you supposed to look for when buying CBD? Well, start with the product label, then take a look at the COA. The label is designed to provide the necessary information about the product, and the COA goes more into depth regarding the potency and presence of product ingredients. Understanding what to seek out and what to avoid will help you make more informed choices when purchasing CBD products.

Let’s break it down.

On the Label

• Full- or Broad-spectrum product: the label will tell you if the product is full-spectrum or broad-spectrum CBD (or hemp seed oil, cannabis oil, isolate, etc.).
• THC: make sure that if you’re purchasing a broad-spectrum CBD tincture that it shows that it contains 0% THC, or ND THC (non-detectable amounts of THC). Full-spectrum products should contain 0.3% THC or less.
• CBD content: two CBD amounts could be present on the label, including the product’s total CBD amount, as well as the CBD in each dropperful.
• Total product weight: how much the product in the package weighs, for example, 1fl oz, 30ct, etc.
• Ingredients: this should include the type of cannabinoid(s) in a product, as well as the carrier oil, additional essential oils, and flavorings, for example. CBD could be listed as hemp extract or cannabidiol.

On the Certificate of Analysis

• ISO Accreditation: Look for the ISO/IEC accreditation to ensure the lab adheres to the international standards of testing for CBD.
• Lab: third-party testing eliminates bias and ensures that strict guidelines and standards are upheld.
• Batch #: check the date of the test and the batch number to make sure it lines up with the product you are considering.
• Cannabinoids: labs will test for a number of cannabinoids, including several variations of THC, CBD, CBN, CBG, and CBC. You will be able to see how much total weight, mg/g, and mg/bottle are included.
• Terpenes: here, you can see what terpenes were tested for, which are included, and amounts.
• Pesticides: the COA will list all the pesticides it tested for as well as any detectable amounts.
• Solvents: solvents are used to dissolve and extract cannabinoids from the hemp plants. Look for ND or “below limit of quantification” (B/LOQ) on the report.
• Microbials: when microbes are present, that means the batch has been infected by yeast, mold, E.coli, or salmonella.
• Mycotoxins: mycotoxins can include various strains of mold and fungi, neither of which you want to be present in your CBD.
• Heavy metals: heavy metals such as lead, arsenic, mercury, and others can cause serious organ damage and cause lingering effects.
• Filth and foreign materials: these can include insect fragments, hair, metal, sand, glass, stones, plastic, and other materials that don’t belong in the product.
• Water content: this number should be very low, as the higher the moisture content, the more susceptible it is to growing microbials and mycotoxins.

How to Sort Out CBD Medical Claims

Another factor to look at when buying CBD is claims the company makes. As of this writing, the FDA has not approved CBD as a treatment for any medical condition, aside from a prescription medication for epilepsy. So for any CBD company to claim that CBD treats or cures any health condition is out of compliance with the FDA’s rules.

When shopping for CBD, be wary of any company that claims that cannabidiol can cure specific ailments such as cancer, chronic pain, or mental health conditions. More scientific research is emerging that shows how scientists are studying the efficacy of CBD for specific health issues, which is exciting, but not yet proven per the FDA guidelines. Although many of these studies are promising, making specific claims can be dangerous, especially if a person declines medical care and decides to use CBD instead.

Before using any CBD product, be sure you speak with your health practitioner. A pharmacist can discuss the use of CBD with your current medications.

Final Thoughts

We hope that this article has helped you understand more about finding the highest quality CBD products, as well as how to read the label and COA. Transparency in cannabis production helps to create a safer industry as a whole, and knowledge is definitely power in this evolving field.

“Standardization is key, both when it comes to the tests required in each state to the detection limits that should be required of each lab. Not all labs are created equal. Their ability to identify containments to a certain level or their ability to test for all product types varies—this needs to change,” Richmond concludes.

Take a look at our third-party lab reports to learn more about our products! We have every single one of our products tested before packaging and after, and each has a COA to ensure quality. Additionally, our products are all packaged at an FDA-approved facility. For high-quality CBD products that go through rigorous third-party lab testing, shop online now at Ripon Naturals!

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